[Community health. Innovating in the training of family and community medicine residents]. / Salud comunitaria. Innovando en la formación de residentes de medicina familiar y comunitaria.

OBJECTIVE: To know the opinions of the agents involved in the training of family and community medicine residents in order to improve the training process of the «Project to Support the Revitalization of Primary Care; Assets for Community Health¼ (PARAC) taking into account its adequacy, contextualization and the methodologies used. METHOD: Qualitative interpretative-explanatory study of phenomenological orientation, multilevel and multicenter, in which the opinion of the participants is analyzed. Between 2018 and 2020, 12 focus groups and 24 semi-structured interviews were carried out, with the participation of sixty-seven professionals from six health districts of Andalusia (Spain), who were involved in the PARAC training process. RESULTS: The participants consider it necessary to broaden training in community health for residents. To this end, they consider it necessary to make changes in the training plan of the specialty, giving more importance to primary health care than to hospital rotations. They value positively the methodologies used in the PARAC training process, which they consider «novel¼, and the choice of young teachers to serve as references. In order for their interventions in the territory to be carried out with quality and safety for the population, they ask that specific times and spaces be guaranteed for community health, as well as adequate supervision to help ensure the coherence and continuity of their interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Training in community health for family and community medicine residents requires a pedagogical, didactic and curricular effort that prepares them for work with the community, as well as the guarantee of organizational conditions that allow this work.

[Proposals for the community orientation of primary health care: to identify key agents for training]. / Propuestas para la orientación comunitaria de la atención primaria: identificar agentes clave para la formación.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the strengths available for the community orientation of primary health care (PHC) in the context of the evaluation of the piloting of a training program in Community Health for Resident Internal Specialists in Andalusia (Spain). METHOD: We will conduct a qualitative, phenomenologically-oriented, explanatory research in which the opinion of the participants is analyzed. Sixty-seven professionals from six PHC Districts of Andalusia which were part of the training program called Project to Support the Revitalization of Primary Care Assets for Community Health (PARAC) were interviewed. RESULTS: There is consensus in giving training a key weight in the community orientation of PHC. For this reason, those agents linked to training are identified as assets: general practice (GP) trainers, young professionals in training who bring updated perspectives and approaches to accredited PHC training centers, whose professionals must respond to the needs of their GP trainees, the multi-professional teaching units responsible for the GP trainees training and a medium and long-term health system thinking along with structures that coordinate and support the community work at the PHC centers. CONCLUSIONS: The community orientation of PHC is an objective that requires the participation of all levels of the health system. Knowing its assets and working with them can contribute to provide proposals to advance towards a community-oriented PHC system.

Salud comunitaria. Innovando en la formación de residentes de medicina familiar y comunitaria / Community health. Innovating in the training of family and community medicine residents

Objetivo: Conocer las opiniones de los agentes implicados en la formación de residentes de medicina familiar y comunitaria para mejorar el proceso formativo del «Proyecto de Apoyo a la Revitalización de la Atención Primaria; Activos para la Salud Comunitaria» (PARAC) teniendo en cuenta su adecuación, contextualización y las metodologías utilizadas.Método: Estudio cualitativo interpretativo-explicativo de orientación fenomenológica, multinivel y multicéntrico, en el que se analiza la opinión de las personas participantes. Entre 2018 y 2020 se realizaron 12 grupos focales y 24 entrevistas semiestructuradas, participando 67 profesionales pertenecientes a seis distritos sanitarios de Andalucía, que estuvieron implicados/as en el proceso formativo PARAC.Resultados: Las personas participantes consideran necesario ampliar la formación en salud comunitaria de los/las residentes. Para ello, creen necesario realizar cambios en el plan formativo de la especialidad, otorgando mayor protagonismo a la atención primaria de salud que a las rotaciones hospitalarias. Valoran positivamente las metodologías utilizadas en el proceso formativo PARAC, que consideran «novedosas», y la elección de docentes jóvenes que sirvan como referentes. Para que sus intervenciones en el territorio se realicen con calidad y seguridad para la población, piden que se garanticen unos tiempos y unos espacios específicos para la salud comunitaria, así como una adecuada supervisión que ayude a asegurar la coherencia y la continuidad de sus intervenciones.Conclusiones: La formación en salud comunitaria de los/las residentes de medicina familiar y comunitaria requiere un esfuerzo pedagógico, didáctico y curricular que los/las prepare para el trabajo con la comunidad, así como la garantía de unas condiciones organizativas que permitan este trabajo.(AU)

Objective: To know the opinions of the agents involved in the training of family and community medicine residents in order to improve the training process of the «Project to Support the Revitalization of Primary Care; Assets for Community Health» (PARAC) taking into account its adequacy, contextualization and the methodologies used.Method: Qualitative interpretative-explanatory study of phenomenological orientation, multilevel and multicenter, in which the opinion of the participants is analyzed. Between 2018 and 2020, 12 focus groups and 24 semi-structured interviews were carried out, with the participation of sixty-seven professionals from six health districts of Andalusia (Spain), who were involved in the PARAC training process.Results: The participants consider it necessary to broaden training in community health for residents. To this end, they consider it necessary to make changes in the training plan of the specialty, giving more importance to primary health care than to hospital rotations. They value positively the methodologies used in the PARAC training process, which they consider «novel», and the choice of young teachers to serve as references. In order for their interventions in the territory to be carried out with quality and safety for the population, they ask that specific times and spaces be guaranteed for community health, as well as adequate supervision to help ensure the coherence and continuity of their interventions.Conclusions: Training in community health for family and community medicine residents requires a pedagogical, didactic and curricular effort that prepares them for work with the community, as well as the guarantee of organizational conditions that allow this work.(AU)

Propuestas para la orientación comunitaria de la atención primaria: identificar agentes clave para la formación / Proposals for the community orientation of primary health care: to identify key agents for training

Objetivo: Identificar las fortalezas disponibles para la orientación comunitaria de la atención primaria de salud (APS) en el contexto de la evaluación del pilotaje de un programa formativo en salud comunitaria para especialistas internos residentes en Andalucía. Método: Estudio cualitativo explicativo de diseño fenomenológico, en el que se analiza la opinión de las personas participantes, que fueron 67 profesionales pertenecientes a seis distritos sanitarios de Andalucía implicados en el proceso formativo del Proyecto de Apoyo a la Revitalización de la Atención Primaria Activos para la Salud Comunitaria (PARAC). Resultados: Existe consenso en que la formación tiene un papel clave en la orientación comunitaria de la APS. Se identifican como activos los agentes vinculados a la docencia: los/las residentes, jóvenes profesionales en formación que traen perspectivas y enfoques renovados a los centros de salud docentes, donde los/las profesionales deben dar respuesta a las necesidades de sus residentes, coordinados con las unidades docentes multiprofesionales responsables de la formación de los/las residentes en un sistema sanitario con la vista puesta en el medio y largo plazo con estructuras que permitan organizar y apoyen la labor comunitaria de los centros de salud. Conclusiones: La orientación comunitaria de la APS es un objetivo que requiere el concurso de todos los niveles del sistema sanitario. Conocer y trabajar con los activos de la APS puede aportar propuestas para avanzar hacia la orientación comunitaria de esta. (AU)

Objective: To identify the strengths available for the community orientation of primary health care (PHC) in the context of the evaluation of the piloting of a training program in Community Health for Resident Internal Specialists in Andalusia (Spain). Method: We will conduct a qualitative, phenomenologically-oriented, explanatory research in which the opinion of the participants is analyzed. Sixty-seven professionals from six PHC Districts of Andalusia which were part of the training program called Project to Support the Revitalization of Primary Care Assets for Community Health (PARAC) were interviewed. Results: There is consensus in giving training a key weight in the community orientation of PHC. For this reason, those agents linked to training are identified as assets: general practice (GP) trainers, young professionals in training who bring updated perspectives and approaches to accredited PHC training centers, whose professionals must respond to the needs of their GP trainees, the multi-professional teaching units responsible for the GP trainees training and a medium and long-term health system thinking along with structures that coordinate and support the community work at the PHC centers. Conclusions: The community orientation of PHC is an objective that requires the participation of all levels of the health system. Knowing its assets and working with them can contribute to provide proposals to advance towards a community-oriented PHC system. (AU)

Contribuir a reducir las barreras de acceso al sistema sanitario para jóvenes migrantes de origen marroquí que viven en Granada: una aproximación a través de técnicas cualitativas / Contribute to overcome barriers to healthcare service access for young Morroccans migrants living in Granada: a qualitative approach

Objetivo: Conocer las principales necesidades, problemas de salud y barreras de acceso al sistema sanitario identificadas por jóvenes marroquíes en situación administrativa irregular en un barrio de Granada. Material y métodos: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo con perspectiva fenomenológica mediante grupos focales. El ámbito de estudio fue el barrio del Albayzin de Granada. El tamaño final de la muestra se determinó por la saturación del discurso en relación con el objetivo (29 personas). Las entrevistas se grabaron y transcribieron literalmente. Se llevó a cabo un análisis narrativo del contenido. Las categorías del análisis se generaron de forma mixta. Para asegurar la calidad del estudio se triangularon los datos. Resultados: La tarjeta sanitaria es un elemento clave para el acceso al sistema sanitario, pero su obtención se presenta como inalcanzable para algunos entrevistados. La posesión de permisos de residencia y/o de trabajo es identificada como la principal necesidad de salud. El idioma, el miedo a ser denunciados o la discriminación en el trato también son señaladas como barreras de acceso. Las patologías agudas y de salud mental son identificadas como principales problemas de salud, condicionadas por sus determinantes sociales. Todas estas categorías tienen consecuencias sobre el uso de los servicios sanitarios. Conclusiones: La situación de exclusión social de la población entrevistada afecta a su salud física y mental. Las barreras de acceso al sistema sanitario condicionan el uso que estos hacen de los recursos sanitarios. Son necesarias intervenciones destinadas a disminuir las barreras de acceso al sistema sanitario y las desigualdades sociales. (AU)

Objective: To recognize the most important health needs, health problems and access barriers to the Health System that determine the use of health services of young Moroccan migrants in an irregular administrative situation living in a Granada neighbourhood. Material and methods: A descriptive, qualitative study with phenomenological perspective was conducted using focus groups. The study area was Albayzin, a neighbourhood in Granada. Definitive sample size was determined by saturation of the discourse in relation to the objective (29 people). Interviews were recorded and transcribed literally. A narrative analysis of the content was performed. The analysis categories were generated in mixed form. To ensure the quality of the study, data were triangulated. Results. The Health Card is a basic element to access the Health System but obtaining this is reported as unattainable for some migrants. Obtaining Spanish residency and/or a work permit are identified as major health needs. Language, fear of being reported and discrimination are also barriers to access the health system. Acute and mental health pathologies are the main health problems, determined by their social conditions. All these categories have consequences on the use of health services. Conclusions. The physical and mental health of the population interviewed are affected by social exclusion. Access barriers to the healthcare system limit use of health resources. Interventions are needed to reduce access barriers to the healthcare system and social inequality. (AU)

Respuesta de un centro de salud ante la pandemia COVID-19: percepciones de la plantilla médica / Health centre response to the COVID-19 pandemic: perceptions of the medical staff

Introducción: La pandemia ocasionada por el SARS-CoV-2 ha supuesto una reestructuración sin precedentes de la asistencia sanitaria y también de los centros de salud.Objetivo. Conocer las percepciones del personal médico del Centro de Salud Albaycín sobre la respuesta del equipo de Atención Primaria ante la pandemia de la COVID-19 en los meses de marzo y abril de 2020.Métodos. Estudio cualitativo, observacional de orientación fenomenológica mediante entrevistas individuales. El ámbito de estudio es el Centro de Salud Albaycín. La saturación teórica determinó el tamaño de la muestra (la totalidad de la plantilla médica). Se llevó a cabo un análisis narrativo del contenido.Resultados. Los discursos muestran seis categorías de análisis: organización de la toma de decisiones, características de la respuesta dada, mantenimiento de los pilares de la Atención Primaria, cualidades del equipo potenciadas, rol de la docencia y nuevas dinámicas generadas.Los resultados describen una respuesta adecuada, coordinada con la comunidad y anticipada a las directrices institucionales. La toma de decisiones ha sido consensuada y horizontal, potenciándose las cualidades del equipo. A pesar de las limitaciones, se ha mantenido la accesibilidad y la longitudinalidad. Durante la pandemia se ha visto afectada la calidad asistencial y la actividad docente.Discusión. Un liderazgo transformacional, que refuerza el vínculo entre profesionales y fomenta la participación activa también de los residentes, permite una respuesta satisfactoria ante una situación emergente. Contar con la participación de la comunidad puede generar confianza en la organización y mejorar los resultados en salud. (AU)

Development and evaluation of a training programme on asset-based community development aimed at general practice trainees: protocol for a mixed-method multilevel and multicentric action research study.

INTRODUCTION: Asset-based community development (ABCD) is a strategy aimed at strengthening communities of interest through the identification and enhancement of those protective resources (also called 'health assets') that contribute to improve population health. Although primary care is specially well placed to contribute to ABCD by facilitating patients' access to community health assets, the implementation of ABCD approaches is limited, in part due to training deficiencies amongst general practitioners. In this study, we will develop a training programme on ABCD aimed at general practice trainees and evaluate its implementation and scale-up in Andalusia, Spain. We will also investigate whether the programme may contribute to strengthen the community orientation of the primary care practices involved in the study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will undertake a mixed methods, multilevel and multicentric action research study drawing on theoretical frameworks relevant to learning (pedagogy) and community health promotion. The intervention will be implemented and evaluated in eight different study areas over 48 months. It will comprise a classroom-based session and a practical exercise, which will involve general practice trainees producing a map of community health assets relevant to common health conditions. In each study area, we will set up a stakeholder group to guide our study. We will run the intervention sequentially across the eight study areas, and modify and refine it iteratively by incorporating the findings from the evaluation. We will employ qualitative (interviews and focus groups with general practice trainees, primary care workers, members of the teaching units and policymakers) and quantitative methods (self-administered questionnaires with an approximate sample of 157 general practice trainees and 502 primary care workers). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval from the Andalusian Regional Health Council has been granted (6/2020). It is envisaged that this research will provide relevant, evidence-based guidance on how best to incorporate learning on ABCD into the general practice training curriculum. Findings will be disseminated in an ongoing manner and will target the following audiences: (1) general practice trainees, primary care workers and members of the teaching units, (2) policymakers and strategic decision makers and (3) the academic community.

Respuesta de un centro de salud ante la pandemia COVID-19: percepciones de la plantilla médica / Response of a Health Centre to the COVID-19 pandemic: perceptions of the medical staff

INTRODUCCIÓN: La pandemia ocasionada por el SARS-CoV-2 ha supuesto una reestructuración sin precedentes de la asistencia sanitaria y también de los centros de salud. OBJETIVO: Conocer las percepciones del personal médico del Centro de Salud Albaycín sobre la respuesta del equipo de Atención Primaria ante la pandemia de la COVID-19 en los meses de marzo y abril de 2020. MÉTODOS: Estudio cualitativo, observacional de orientación fenomenológica mediante entrevistas individuales. El ámbito de estudio es el Centro de Salud Albaycín. La saturación teórica determinó el tamaño de la muestra (la totalidad de la plantilla médica). Se llevó a cabo un análisis narrativo del contenido. RESULTADOS: Los discursos muestran seis categorías de análisis: organización de la toma de decisiones, características de la respuesta dada, mantenimiento de los pilares de la Atención Primaria, cualidades del equipo potenciadas, rol de la docencia y nuevas dinámicas generadas. Los resultados describen una respuesta adecuada, coordinada con la comunidad y anticipada a las directrices institucionales. La toma de decisiones ha sido consensuada y horizontal, potenciándose las cualidades del equipo. A pesar de las limitaciones, se ha mantenido la accesibilidad y la longitudinalidad. Durante la pandemia se ha visto afectada la calidad asistencial y la actividad docente. DISCUSIÓN: Un liderazgo transformacional, que refuerza el vínculo entre profesionales y fomenta la participación activa también de los residentes, permite una respuesta satisfactoria ante una situación emergente. Contar con la participación de la comunidad puede generar confianza en la organización y mejorar los resultados en salud

INTRODUCTION: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought about an unprecedented restructuring of healthcare and health centers. OBJECTIVES: Learn the perceptions of medical staff from Albayzín Health Centre regarding the Primary Care team's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in March and April 2020. METHODS: Qualitative, observational study with a phenomenological approach conducted by means of individual interviews. The scope of the study is Albaycín Health Centre. The theoretical saturation determined sample size (the entire medical staff). Content was analysed in narrative terms. RESULTS: Conversations revealed six categories of analysis: organization of the decision-making process, characteristics of the response provided, maintaining the cornerstones of Primary Care, enhanced team qualities, role of teaching and new dynamics generated. The results report an adequate response, which was coordinated with the community and anticipated institutional guidelines. Decision-making was consensual and horizontal, which enhanced the team's qualities. Despite the limitations, accessibility and longitudinal configuration have been maintained. Both the quality of care and teaching have been affected during the pandemic. DISCUSSION: Transformational leadership, which strengthens the bond between professionals and encourages residents to participate actively, facilitates a satisfactory response to an emerging situation. Having the community participate can build trust in the organization and improve health outcomes

Formación en salud comunitaria: retos, amenazas y oportunidades. Informe SESPAS 2018 / Training in community health: challenges, threats and opportunities. SESPAS Report 2018

La incorporación de contenidos docentes relativos a la salud comunitaria en los programas formativos de enfermería y medicina contribuye a acrecentar la calidad, el rigor y la sostenibilidad de las intervenciones comunitarias. En este artículo dialogamos sobre cómo la medicina familiar y comunitaria y la atención primaria siguen sin ser consideradas disciplinas nucleares y transversales en las facultades de medicina españolas. Durante la formación especializada médica y enfermera existe una gran variabilidad en el aprendizaje sobre salud comunitaria, dependiendo de la capacitación, las prioridades y la motivación de los profesionales de atención primaria, las unidades docentes y sus residentes. La creciente inestabilidad laboral y los actuales sistemas de contratación dificultan la puesta en práctica de las competencias adquiridas, el desarrollo de actividades comunitarias y la consolidación de espacios y redes para la formación. A pesar de las adversidades, existen iniciativas que potencian con ilusión una formación de calidad en salud comunitaria, y que merecen ser impulsadas y visibilizadas

Incorporating community health teaching in the undergraduate nursing and medicine curriculum and postgraduate training programmes contributes to enhance the quality, rigour and sustainability of health-promoting community interventions. In this article, we discuss the failure of Spanish Medical Universities to include family and community medicine and primary health care as integrated and cross-cutting disciplines on the undergraduate curriculum. During specialized medical and nursing training, community health teaching varies widely depending on the qualification, priorities and motivation of the primary health care workers, teaching units and trainees. Growing job instability and current nurse and medical recruitment systems, are hindering learning being put into practice, as well as the development of health-promoting community activities and the strengthening of training networks and facilities. Amid such adversity, there are initiatives that provide quality training on community health and should, accordingly, be fostered and acknowledged

[Training in community health: challenges, threats and opportunities. SESPAS Report 2018]. / Formación en salud comunitaria: retos, amenazas y oportunidades. Informe SESPAS 2018.

Incorporating community health teaching in the undergraduate nursing and medicine curriculum and postgraduate training programmes contributes to enhance the quality, rigour and sustainability of health-promoting community interventions. In this article, we discuss the failure of Spanish Medical Universities to include family and community medicine and primary health care as integrated and cross-cutting disciplines on the undergraduate curriculum. During specialized medical and nursing training, community health teaching varies widely depending on the qualification, priorities and motivation of the primary health care workers, teaching units and trainees. Growing job instability and current nurse and medical recruitment systems, are hindering learning being put into practice, as well as the development of health-promoting community activities and the strengthening of training networks and facilities. Amid such adversity, there are initiatives that provide quality training on community health and should, accordingly, be fostered and acknowledged.